Will Arizona-inspired illegal immigration laws run afoul of Constitution?

Courts take dim views of anti-illegal immigration laws in Georgia, Alabama, and Arizona, even as they start letting some provisions take effect. Police must now enforce the laws without profiling.?

By Patrik Jonsson,?Staff writer / August 21, 2012

Michael Yaki, a commissioner on the United States Commission on Civil Rights, speaks at a rally in Birmingham, Ala., Friday. The commission had a hearing in Birmingham on the impact of state immigration laws.

Tamika Moore/The Birmingham News/AP

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Courts are beginning to allow the so-called ?show me your papers? clauses of tough new state immigration laws to take effect. But they?re warning states that the US Constitution frowns on any hint of profiling.

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The US Supreme Court in June upheld ?show me your papers? provisions in Arizona, which allow law-enforcement officials to ask for the immigration documents of people they suspect might be in the country illegally during routine stops. Now,?lower courts are beginning to lift injunctions on similar laws in Georgia and Alabama, and a state judge was set to rule on whether to lift an injunction against it in Arizona itself, where Gov. Jan Brewer said that ?the heart? of the state?s controversial law should ?be allowed to take effect.?

As these laws take hold in the real world, focus is likely to shift to local and state police, who stand to face enormous pressure to use their expanded discretionary powers fairly and judiciously.

?The idea that this is the rubber hitting the road is exactly right,? says Stephen Vladeck, a law professor at American University?s Washington College of Law, in Washington. ?Law enforcement already has lots of opportunities to stop most people on a daily basis for entirely minor offenses. The question is, stopping people for spitting on the sidewalk or driving with a broken taillight, are we going to see those increase in jurisdictions ? that have the ?papers, please? provision? In other words, you cannot use the possibility that someone is undocumented to justify the stop in the first place.?

The issue has powerful emotional resonance in a country that historically valued freedom from government intrusion, raising the question of whether the ?immigration laws really catch more people in the net than the Constitution should allow,? says?Leon Friedman, a law professor at?Hofstra University.

These concerns relate to the Constitution?s Fourth Amendment, which protects Americans from warrantless searches and seizures and restricts police from conducting random ID checks of people walking around on American streets.?The immigration laws passed legal muster because a person has to have been detained or accused of a crime before police check their name against the e-Verify system, a federal immigration database.

?You can?t just stop them on the street and say, ?Show your identification,? ? Professor Friedman says. ?There has to be a legitimate reason for stopping or arresting them, and then you can?t keep them indefinitely. In fact, the states have said, ?We can keep you for a week,? but the Supreme Court said they can?t do that.?

Source: http://rss.csmonitor.com/~r/feeds/csm/~3/F35GwQ5t1cs/Will-Arizona-inspired-illegal-immigration-laws-run-afoul-of-Constitution

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Egg yolk consumption almost as bad as smoking when it comes to atherosclerosis, study suggests

ScienceDaily (Aug. 13, 2012) ? Newly published research led by Western's Dr. David Spence shows that eating egg yolks accelerates atherosclerosis in a manner similar to smoking cigarettes.

Surveying more than 1200 patients, Spence found regular consumption of egg yolks is about two-thirds as bad as smoking when it comes to increased build-up of carotid plaque, a risk factor for stroke and heart attack. The research is published online in the journal Atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis, also called coronary artery disease, is a disorder of the arteries where plaques, aggravated by cholesterol, form on the inner arterial wall. Plaque rupture is the usual cause of most heart attacks and many strokes.

The study looked at data from 1,231 men and women, with a mean age of 61.5, who were patients attending vascular prevention clinics at London Health Sciences Centre's University Hospital. Ultrasound was used to establish a measurement of total plaque area and questionnaires were filled out regarding their lifestyle and medications including pack-years of smoking (number of packs per day of cigarettes times the number of years), and the number of egg yolks consumed per week times the number of years consumed (egg yolk-years).

The researchers found carotid plaque area increased linearly with age after age 40, but increased exponentially with pack-years of smoking and egg yolk-years. In other words, compared to age, both tobacco smoking and egg yolk consumption accelerate atherosclerosis. The study also found those eating three or more yolks a week had significantly more plaque area than those who ate two or fewer yolks per week.

"The mantra 'eggs can be part of a healthy diet for healthy people' has confused the issue. It has been known for a long time that a high cholesterol intake increases the risk of cardiovascular events, and egg yolks have a very high cholesterol content. In diabetics, an egg a day increases coronary risk by two to five-fold," said Spence, a professor of Neurology at Western's Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry and the director of its Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre at the Robarts Research Institute.

"What we have shown is that with aging, plaque builds up gradually in the arteries of Canadians, and egg yolks make it build up faster -- about two-thirds as much as smoking. In the long haul, egg yolks are not okay for most Canadians."

Spence added the effect of egg yolk consumption over time on increasing the amount of plaque in the arteries was independent of sex, cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index and diabetes. And while he says more research should be done to take in possible confounders such as exercise and waist circumference, he stresses that regular consumption of egg yolk should be avoided by persons at risk of cardiovascular disease.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Western Ontario.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. J. David Spence, David J.A. Jenkins, Jean Davignon. Egg yolk consumption and carotid plaque. Atherosclerosis, 2012; DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.07.032

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/mlvH7m837Fo/120813155640.htm

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